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Beam Performance
Lamps where the light output is
directional often express the
luminous performance by the PEAK
INTENSITY, which is the amount of
light in a particular direction
and is measured in CANDELAS. Also
the normal convention is to
describe the beam width as the
angle where the peak intensity is
half the maximum. See Figure 4.13.
Figure 4.13. Beam
performance.
Signal Lamps
Signal lamps are designed to
withstand vibration and shock as
they are often used in conjunction
with machinery as well as
indicator boards and the like.
They are available in clear, and
coloured. The two main bulb shapes
are Pygmy and Miniature Pilot.
Figure 4.14. Various signal
lamps.
INFRA-RED
lamps are designed for heating rather than
lighting. The filament operates at a lower
temperature around 2200 degrees Celsius.
About 86% of the input energy is produced
as radiant energy.
Figure 4.15 shows lamp shapes
similar to reflector lamps but made from
hard glass. They are used to provide
radiant heating for people and industrial
processes. Red fronted versions reduce the
lamp brightness where it may cause
discomfort.
Figure 4.15. Infra-red lamps.
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